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| membership = 115,000 | membership_year = 2012 | affiliation1_title = Continental affiliation | affiliation1 = Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union | youth_wing = Komsomol of Ukraine | newspaper = Komunist (2000-present)〔(Official website ). Komunist newspaper.〕 }} The Communist Party of Ukraine ((ウクライナ語:Комуністична партія України, ''Komunistychna Partiya Ukrayiny''), KPU) is a political party founded in 1993 as the successor to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Ukraine, which was banned in 1991. Since 1993 the party has been led by Petro Symonenko. Communist parties have a long history in Ukraine but the KPU is not currently represented in the Verkhovna Rada. It was represented in that body from 1994 until the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election which resulted in national representation for communists in Ukraine ending for the first time since 1918.〔〔(General official results of Rada election ), Interfax-Ukraine (11 November 2014) (Central Election Commission announces official results of Rada election on party tickets ), Interfax-Ukraine (11 November 2014)〕 The party and its immediate CPSU predecessor emerged as the largest political force after each Ukrainian parliamentary election from 1990 until 2002. Until the aftermath of the Orange Revolution in 2004 it was continuously the largest single party in the Ukrainian parliament. Since the February 2014 Ukrainian revolution, the party has come into conflict with the Ukrainian government due to prominent displays of support for ousted Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych during the Euromaidan protests, involvement with the separatist movement in Eastern Ukraine, as well as the party's pro-Russian government agenda. The party did however vote in favour of the impeachment of Yanukovych. Two days after the Ukrainian parliament changed its regulations regarding the required size of parliamentary groups, the KPU faction was dissolved on 24 July 2014.〔(Turchynov dissolves Ukrainian Communist Party faction in parliament ), Interfax-Ukraine (24 July 2014)〕 The General Prosecutor of Ukraine and the Security Service of Ukraine have both filed charges against the KPU. The charges against the party include supporting the annexation of Crimea by Russia and "financing terrorism" (i.e. providing support to separatists in Eastern Ukraine), both acts of treason against the Ukrainian state. The trial was set for August 2014 and if found guilty the KPU could have been banned. A Kyiv Court indefinitely postponed the trial in early September 2014.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fifth Columns Are (and Were) Everywhere )〕 In May 2015 laws that ban communist symbols came into effect in Ukraine. Because of these laws the Ukrainian Interior Ministry stripped the party of its right to participate in elections on 24 July 2015 and it stated it was continuing the court actions (that started in July 2014) to end the registration of Ukraine’s communist parties.〔(Ukraine's Justice Ministry outlaws Communists from elections ), Kyiv Post, (24 July 2015) (Justice Ministry bans three communist parties from taking part in election process as they violate Ukrainian law - minister ), Interfax-Ukraine, (24 July 2015)〕 The party will take part in the October 2015 Ukrainian local elections as part of the umbrella party ''Left Opposition''.〔 (The communists go to the polls in the "Left Opposition" - the leader of the Communist Party ), RIA Novosti Ukraine (13 August 2015)〕 Meanwhile it is challenging in court the Justice Ministry’s decree on its activity termination.〔 (The court banned the two Communist parties ), Ukrayinska Pravda (1 October 2015) (Kyiv’s Court terminates two Communist parties ), Ukrinform (1 October 2015)〕 ==History== The KPU formally considers itself the direct descendant of the Communist Party of Ukraine, a branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), which was founded on 5 July 1918 in Moscow. The original communist party existed until 6 November 1991, when the CPSU and its branch in Ukraine were banned. Between 1991 and 1993, several small communist organizations were created throughout Ukraine. "Without clear legality" communists from all over Ukraine convened on 6 March 1993 for the All-Ukrainian Conference for Communists in an attempt to reestablish the KPU. In reaction the Verkhovna Rada, two months later, legalized the establishment of communist parties. On 19 June 1993, the 1st Congress of the newly founded KPU was convened—officially it was designated as the 29th Congress, to denote it as a direct successor to the Soviet KPU—and it elected Petro Symonenko as First Secretary. In the 1994 presidential election the KPU supported the candidacy of Oleksandr Moroz from the Socialist Party of Ukraine (SPU). The relationship between the KPU and SPU was strong throughout the 1990s, with Moroz even speaking to the 22nd KPU Congress (held in 1999). At the 1998 parliamentary elections the KPU won 121 seats, constituting 19.5% of the seats in the Verkhovna Rada. The good result led the KPU to field their own candidate in the 1999 presidential election; they nominated party leader Symonenko. Symonenko received 23.1 percent of the votes in the first round, trailing behind Leonid Kuchma who received 38,0 percent of the votes. In the second round Symonenko received 38,8 percent, losing to Kuchma who received 57,7 percent of the vote. In 2000 two parties split from the party, the Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed) and the Communist Party of Workers and Peasants.〔(Ukraine Bars Communists From Elections ), Radio Free Europe (24 July 2015)〕 The Constitutional Court of Ukraine recognized in 2001 the ban on the Communist Party of Ukraine was in violation of the Constitution of Ukraine.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=гøåííÿ Êîñòèòóö³éíîãî Ñóäó Óêðà¿íè ó ñïðàâ³ çà... - â³ä 27.12.2001 ¹ 20-ðï/2001 (Ñòîð³íêà 1 ç 2) )〕 In February 2014, the party came out in firm opposition of the Euromaidan (pro-Ukrainian EU integration and anti-President Viktor Yanukovych protests) violence and identified the movement as a "coup" to overthrow the elected government and replace it with a pro-NATO regime, and in an open plea from the First Secretary, called for all communist and left-wing movements around the world to condemn the events as such.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Обращение_к_иностранным_партиям_2_(eng.).pdf )〕 After Yanukovych's ouster, several legislators have talked about the possibility of outlawing the KPU due to its alleged cooperation with pro-Russian separatists;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Turchynov asks Justice Ministry to ban Communist Party of Ukraine )〕 on 6 May, the party was outraged when its parliamentary representatives were expelled from the parliamentary session hall. A week later, Acting President Oleksandr Turchynov threatened to ban the KPU for alleged involvement in the ongoing pro-Russian unrest in the east of the country. On 8 July the Ministry of Justice asked Kiev's District Administrative Court to ban the activity of the party "As a result of a large amount of evidence regarding illegal activities and illegal actions on the part of the Communist Party" (according to Justice Minister Pavlo Petrenko).〔(Justice Ministry launches process to ban Communist Party of Ukraine ), Interfax-Ukraine (8 July 2014)〕 The Party of the European Left and the European United Left–Nordic Green Left grouping in the European Parliament have condemned the possible ban and declared their solidarity with the KPU.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ukraine: No more war, no more fascism )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ukrainian democracy under threat as interim government moves to ban Communist party )〕 Russia's State Duma denounced the ban too and believed it was "an attempt by the new Kiev authorities to force political and civil forces that do not agree with the path taken by the ultranationalist powers to shut up".〔 The KPU has also received solidarity from the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) in Britain.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=RMT union denounces Western support for Kiev – supports antifascist resistance - Solidarity with the Antifascist Resistance in Ukraine )〕 On 1 July 2014 six MPs left the Communist Party faction in parliament, reducing it to 23 members.〔(Six MPs leave Communist Party faction in Ukraine's parliament ), Interfax-Ukraine (1 July 2014)〕〔 (''Dynamics in the fraction of the in the Communist Party of Ukraine in the VII convocation'' ), Verkhovna Rada〕 A vote, supported by 232 MPs, on 22 July 2014 gave the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (the speaker of Ukraine's parliament) the power to dissolve a faction that has lost some of its members compared to the number it had while it was formed during the first parliamentary session after the previous election, pending a signature from President Petro Poroshenko.〔〔(Communist Party Ousted From Ukraine Parliament ), The Moscow Times (23 July 2014)〕 Later that day Poroshenko signed this bill giving effect to this new parliamentary regulation.〔 The next day speaker (and former Acting President) Turchynov announced the party's impending dissolution and added to MPs "We only have to tolerate this party for another day".〔 The party's faction in parliament was indeed dissolved 24 July 2014 by Turchynov.〔 The same day it was announced that at the time 308 criminal proceedings against members of the party had been opened.〔 (Against the Communists opened 308 criminal proceedings ), Ukrayinska Pravda (24 July 2014)〕 Communists were accused of openly supporting the annexation of Crimea by Russia, supporting the creation of self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic and agitating for annexation of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to Russia.〔 On 4 September the Kiev District Administrative Court indefinitely postponed the hearing about the ban of the party.〔(SBU chief: Communist Party ban important for national security ), Interfax-Ukraine (10 November 2014)〕 The party's participation in the October 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election result was that the party dispersed from national politics since the party won no constituency seats and came 1,12% short to overcome the 5% election threshold.〔〔〔 (Communist Party of Ukraine goes to elections to Parliament, the electoral list headed Symonenko ), Interfax-Ukraine (29 August 2014)〕 Since previous to its independence Ukraine was an administrative unit of the Communist Soviet Union this means that for the first time since 1918 Communists are not involved in Ukrainian national politics.〔(Ukrainian Communist leader Symonenko not planning to leave country ), Interfax-Ukraine (29 October 2014) (Ukraine’s Elections Mark a Historic Break With Russia and Its Soviet Past ), Time magazine (October 27, 2014)〕 Since in May 2015 laws that ban communist symbols came into effect in Ukraine the party can not use communist symbols, or sing the Soviet national hymn or the Internationale.〔 In a 24 July 2015 decree based on these laws the Ukrainian Interior Ministry stripped the party of its right to participate in elections on and it stated it was continuing the court actions (that started in July 2014) to end the registration of Ukraine’s communist parties.〔(Ukraine's Justice Ministry outlaws Communists from elections ), Kyiv Post, (24 July 2015) (Justice Ministry bans three communist parties from taking part in election process as they violate Ukrainian law - minister ), Interfax-Ukraine, (24 July 2015)〕 The party will take part in the October 2015 Ukrainian local elections as part of the umbrella party ''Left Opposition''.〔 According to the Interior Ministry this was legal unless this new party would use communist symbols.〔 On 30 September 2015 the District Administrative Court in Kiev banned the (fellow Ukrainian communist party's) Communist Party of Workers and Peasants and Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed).〔 However, the Communist Party of Ukraine was not banned because it had filed an appeal against the Justice Ministry’s decree on its activity termination.〔 This case on the party's activity is to be considered in court on 8 October 2015.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Communist Party of Ukraine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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